From my post in the FJ forums, before I talked to Mr. Metsa. Since it reads the law, it's still valid. And Mr Metsa was able to confirm and clarify (which I posted above).
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...Colorado doesn't require license-plated street legal vehicles to have this OHV permit! MY POINT is that this is a misinterpretation of the law. I have nothing against putting money towards trail maintenance and educational programs.
So let's look at the Colorado Revised Statues only. That is a good idea. We should really exclude FS and BLM and NPS lands, but only because Tom Metsa is a Colorado State Parks official and this whole rucass originated from his office (and also because I think the other agencies disagree with him). But since he said he is working with the larger fed agencies to find a consistent interpretation of these statues, and that your point is well taken and CO law applies to fed land in the state (in most cases) this discussion applies to all land in the state, not just state land. I think we agree on that.
As a foundation, recall that this is about an "off-highway use permit". A route cannot be a highway and a non-highway at the same time. So logically, one would assume you must be off the highway to need it. I admit, at this point, it's only an assumption.
Therefore, let's look at some Colorado law, starting at the same place Mr Metsa's office started, and going through the referenced statues and all relevant definitions:
Colorado Revised Statues said:
33-14.5-112. Off-highway use permit
(b) On and after January 1, 1991, the owner of every vehicle required to be registered pursuant to article 3 of title 42, C.R.S., and the owner or operator of every motor vehicle and off-highway vehicle from another state or country, when such vehicle is being used for recreational travel upon designated off-highway vehicle routes, shall obtain and display on such vehicle an off-highway use permit.
Let's think about this.
Firstly we need to check if your vehicle needs to be registered pursuant to article 3 of title 42, CRS, or if the vehicle is from out of state. For most of us, we're not from out of state (or we wouldn't be in the CO forum). SO all we have to check is if we need registration.
Article 3 of title 42, C.R.S. (42-3-103) says, "vehicle that is primarily designed to be operated or drawn upon any highway of this state". Ok, so that includes your FJ. and all the jeeps, trucks, subarus, etc. Therefore, it is registered, and you have a license plate. Although outside the scope of this FJ discussion, a dual-sport motorcycle belongs in this as well, as it is primarily designed for highway use. More on that later.
Colorado Revised Statues said:
33-14.5-101. Definitions
(3) "Off-highway vehicle" means any self-propelled vehicle which is designed to travel on wheels or tracks in contact with the ground, which is designed primarily for use off of the public highways, and which is generally and commonly used to transport persons for recreational purposes. "Off-highway vehicle" does not include the following:
(g) Vehicles registered pursuant to article 3 of title 42, C.R.S.
Ok, so we're not an off-highway vehicle, because we're an on-highway vehicle. The CRS clearly states here that a vehicle can't be both an on-highway vehicle AND an off-highway vehicle.
So far so good, we all agree on what needs a license plate and what doesn't.
Secondly, we need to check if "such vehicle is being used for recreational travel upon designated off-highway vehicle routes". Recreational travel is what we do, so we just need to know if it's an off-highway route. The answer is NO ! I mentioned previously the definition of a highway. Therefore it does not apply. But, I have not proven this yet using Colorado law.
Luckily, CRS defines this route for us, which seems to be the main point of contention between me and some of you. The CRS is clear in that if the route is not designated as an "off-highway vehicle route," then we dont' need the OHV sticker.
Colorado Revised Statues said:
33-14.5-101. Definitions
(4) "Off-highway vehicle route" means any road, trail, or way owned or managed by the state or any agency or political subdivision thereof or the United States for off-highway vehicle travel.
It's easy to get confused here because we have this idea in our heads about what a highway is. CRS clearly states that an on-highway vehicle can't be an off-highway vehicle at the same time. Likewise, an on-highway route can't be an off-higway route at the same time. These are the only two options.
This CRS states that a route managed by the state for off-highway vehicle travel is an off-highway vehicle route. So, if a route is managed for on-highway vehicle travel, then this whole thing does not apply.
PUNCHLINE:
If the route is designed for you and I and the state to drive our (plated) on-highway vehicles on it, then it's obviously managed for highway vehicle travel.
I hear you asking if an off-highway vehicle is operated on a route, then it must be an off-highway route? Not true. There are many exemptions that allow off-highway vehicles to be operated on highways.
Colorado Revised Statues said:
33-14.5-108. Off-highway vehicle operations
(1) No off-highway vehicle may be operated on the public streets, roads, or highways of this state except in the following cases:
(a) When a street, road, or highway is designated open by the state or any agency or political subdivision thereof;
There are many many many routes that the FS (a government agency with authority to do so) has managed for (plated) on-highway vehicle travel but are also designated to allow off-highway vehicle travel. The easiest example is the brown route signs in the woods tell you the allowed travel methods. So, just because an ATV is legal on the route, does not make it an off-highway route. But on the contrary, we have already shown that if the route is managed for on-highway (plated) vehicle use, then it is not an off-highway route.
Also, in the interest of being sure of the correct answer, please let me know if you can find where Colorado specifically defines a highway, and that it is contrary to the USC definition that I gave before.
http://www.michie.com/colorado
So what I'm saying, based soley on Colorado law, is that
if you can drive your (plated) highway vehicle on the route, then it's managed for highway vehicle travel. If it's managed for highway vehicle travel, then it's not an off-highway route. If it's not an off-highway route,
then you don't need the off-highway sticker.
Motorcycles:
The only part that really needs an interpretation is the gray area: dual-sport motorcycle. By my strict reading of the law, it is easily argued that anywhere a dual-sport motorcycle (a highway vehicle) can go, an OHV sticker is not required. This is my position (and that of the BLM page I printed and put in my rig). But I think Mr Metsa's office could easily argue that such trails that are motorcycle/atv/snowmobile - only - accessible are managed for off-highway vehicle travel, and then you'd find the only case in which a vehicle needs both a license plate and a sticker. What comes to mind for me is the < 50" trails, there are obvious signs, posts and cables in place to limit access only to vehicles that are specifically designed for off-highway use.
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This is what I wrote a week ago. Mr. Metsa confirmed my position and pointed out the exception based on MVUMs.
Again, for clarification, after talking with Mr. Metsa, it appears the only route in the
front range that is a trail and allows full-size rigs is
Jenny Creek Trail. Everything else does not require a OHV sticker.